Panic Attack Symptoms: Signs, Causes, How Long They Last, and What to Do

Have you ever experienced a racing heartbeat, sudden shortness of breath, dizziness, or an overwhelming feeling that something terrible is about to happen? These symptoms can be frightening, especially when they appear unexpectedly. One possible explanation is a panic attack, although other medical conditions can cause similar symptoms. Understanding panic attack symptoms can help you recognize what may be happening, respond more calmly, and know when to seek medical care. In this guide for readers in the United States, we'll explain the common signs of a panic attack, how long symptoms may last, how panic attacks differ from heart attacks, and where to find professional support. 

What Are Panic Attack Symptoms?

A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear or discomfort that can trigger physical and emotional symptoms. It may occur during a stressful situation or without an obvious trigger. Panic attacks can feel overwhelming. Some people describe a pounding heart, difficulty breathing, trembling, dizziness, or a fear of losing control. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, panic attacks may include both physical sensations and intense feelings of fear. Not everyone who experiences a panic attack develops panic disorder. Common panic attack symptoms include: 

• A racing or pounding heartbeat
• Sweating or hot flashes
• Trembling or shaking
• Shortness of breath
• Chest discomfort
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea or stomach discomfort
• Chills or tingling sensations
• Fear of losing control
• A feeling of impending danger or fear of dying

Symptoms vary from person to person. Having one or more of these symptoms does not automatically mean you are having a panic attack.

What Does a Panic Attack Feel Like?

A panic attack may feel as though your body has suddenly entered an emergency state. Your heart might pound, your breathing may feel difficult, and you may become intensely afraid without understanding why. Some people feel detached from their surroundings or experience a sense that things are unreal. Others feel dizzy, weak, nauseated, or convinced that something terrible is about to happen. Because these sensations can resemble serious medical problems, a first episode or an unfamiliar episode should not automatically be attributed to anxiety. If you experience new or severe chest pain, significant breathing difficulty, fainting, or other potentially serious symptoms, seek emergency medical care rather than assuming the cause is panic.

What Are the Physical Symptoms of a Panic Attack?

1. Rapid heartbeat and palpitations 

heart may beat faster or harder than usual. You may notice pounding in your chest or become frightened by the sensation. 

2. Shortness of breath You might feel unable to take a satisfying breath, experience chest tightness, or feel as though you are choking. 

3. Chest pain or discomfort Some people experience chest pressure or pain during a panic attack. However, chest pain can also signal a heart attack or another serious condition, so it should never automatically be dismissed as anxiety. 

4. Dizziness or lightheadedness You may feel unsteady, weak, or as though you might faint. 

5. Sweating, shaking, or chills Sudden sweating, trembling hands, shaking legs, chills, or hot flashes can accompany an episode. 

6. Nausea and stomach discomfort A panic attack may cause nausea, abdominal discomfort, or an upset stomach. 

7. Tingling or numbness Some people experience pins and needles or numbness in their fingers, hands, or around their mouth.

What Are the Emotional Symptoms of a Panic Attack?

Panic attacks can affect your thoughts and emotions as well as your body. Emotional and psychological symptoms may include: 

• Intense fear that something bad is happening
• Fear of dying
• Fear of losing control
• Feeling disconnected from yourself or your surroundings
• A strong urge to escape a situation
• Worry about experiencing another attack

The experience can be distressing even when no obvious danger is present.

How Long Does a Panic Attack Last?

A panic attack often reaches its most intense point within minutes. Many attacks last approximately 5 to 20 minutes, although the duration varies, and some episodes can last longer. Afterward, you may feel exhausted, shaky, or emotionally drained. You might also worry about when another episode will happen. If symptoms persist, worsen, or feel different from previous episodes, seek medical advice. Do not use the expected duration of a panic attack to rule out a medical emergency.

Panic Attack vs. Heart Attack: What's the Difference?

Panic attacks and heart attacks can share symptoms, including chest discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, and a racing heartbeat.

Important: Symptoms alone cannot reliably distinguish a panic attack from a heart attack. 

Call 911 in the United States if you have new, severe, or unexplained chest pain, significant breathing difficulty, or other symptoms suggesting a medical emergency. Follow the emergency dispatcher's instructions. For additional information, consult the American Heart Association at https://www.heart.org

What Causes Panic Attacks?

Panic attacks can occur for different reasons, and sometimes there is no obvious trigger. Possible contributing factors include:

• Stressful life events
• Ongoing anxiety
• Fear of a situation or place
• Previous frightening experiences
• Poor sleep or significant fatigue
• High caffeine intake in some individuals
• Certain medications, substances, or withdrawal effects
• Underlying medical or mental health conditions

These factors do not affect everyone in the same way. A healthcare professional can help evaluate possible causes, especially when symptoms are new or recurring.

Can You Have a Panic Attack Without Feeling Anxious First?

Yes. Panic attacks can occur unexpectedly, even when you do not consciously feel anxious beforehand. You might be at home, at work, driving, shopping, or preparing to sleep when symptoms begin. The sudden physical sensations may then create additional fear. Because panic-like symptoms can have medical causes, an unexpected episode does not by itself establish a diagnosis of panic disorder.

What Should You Do During a Panic Attack?

If you believe you may be experiencing a familiar panic episode and there are no signs of a medical emergency, the following strategies may help you cope. 

1. Move to a safe place: If possible, sit somewhere comfortable and away from immediate hazards. If you're driving, pull over safely rather than continuing while dizzy or overwhelmed. 

2. Slow your breathing gently: Try breathing comfortably and slowly without forcing deep breaths or holding your breath. If focusing on breathing makes you feel worse, try another grounding technique. 

3. Focus on your surroundings: Notice a few things you can see, hear, and feel. For example, name five objects in the room or pay attention to the feeling of your feet against the floor. 

4. Remind yourself that help is available: If you have previously been evaluated and recognize the symptoms, remind yourself that panic symptoms can pass. Do not use reassurance to ignore new or severe physical symptoms. 

5. Contact someone you trust: Speaking with a trusted friend or family member may help you feel supported while the episode settles. 

6. Seek medical care when appropriate: If this is your first episode, the symptoms are unfamiliar, or attacks keep returning, contact a healthcare professional. Seek emergency care for potentially serious symptoms.

How Can You Prevent Future Panic Attacks?

Prevention starts with understanding what is happening and identifying an appropriate treatment plan. Helpful steps may include: 

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): A structured therapy that can help you understand and change unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors.
• Professional evaluation: A clinician can assess recurring symptoms and rule out other possible causes.
• Medication when appropriate: A qualified prescriber may discuss medication options based on your circumstances.
• Consistent sleep: A regular sleep schedule may support emotional well-being.
• Reviewing caffeine and other substances: Consider discussing possible triggers with your healthcare professional.
• Regular physical activity: Choose activity that suits your health and abilities.

Avoid stopping prescribed medication or changing its dose without speaking with your prescriber.

When Should You See a Doctor for Panic Attack Symptoms?

Consider making an appointment with a healthcare professional if: 

• You experience repeated episodes of intense fear.
• You frequently worry about having another attack.
• You avoid work, travel, social activities, or other situations because of fear.
• Symptoms interfere with sleep or everyday life.
• You are unsure whether your symptoms are caused by anxiety or another condition.

A healthcare professional can evaluate your symptoms, discuss possible causes, and recommend appropriate treatment. If you experience potentially life-threatening symptoms, call 911 rather than waiting for a routine appointment.

Where Can Americans Get Help for Anxiety and Panic Attacks?

If panic attacks or anxiety are affecting your daily life, you do not have to manage them alone. In the United States, you can: 

• Contact your primary care provider.
• Seek a licensed mental health professional.
• Ask your health insurance provider about covered mental health services.
• Visit the National Institute of Mental Health at https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health.
• Use the SAMHSA treatment locator at https://findtreatment.gov/ to explore mental health treatment options.

 If you are experiencing a mental health crisis, call or text 988 in the United States for support through the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Call 911 for an immediate medical emergency.

Medical disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q. 1. What are the first signs of a panic attack?

Early signs may include a suddenly racing heart, sweating, trembling, dizziness, shortness of breath, or an intense feeling of fear. Symptoms vary, and similar signs can occur with other conditions.

Q. 2. Can a panic attack happen while sleeping?

Yes. Some people experience panic attacks that wake them from sleep. New or recurring nighttime symptoms should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

Q. 3. Can panic attacks cause chest pain?

Yes, chest discomfort can occur during a panic attack. However, chest pain can also indicate a heart or lung problem. New or severe chest pain requires urgent medical evaluation.

Q. 4. Can dehydration or caffeine trigger panic-like symptoms?

Dehydration and high caffeine intake may contribute to symptoms such as dizziness, a rapid heartbeat, or feelings of anxiety in some people. These symptoms have multiple possible causes, so persistent or severe symptoms deserve medical attention.

Q. 5. Are panic attacks dangerous?

Panic attacks can be intensely distressing. The symptoms themselves often subside, but similar symptoms can occur in serious medical conditions. Recurrent attacks can also affect quality of life and may require treatment.

Q. 6. What is the difference between a panic attack and panic disorder?

A panic attack is an episode of intense fear or discomfort. Panic disorder involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about future attacks or changes in behavior related to them. A qualified healthcare professional makes the diagnosis.

Q. 7. Can panic attacks be treated?

Yes. Treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy and, when appropriate, medication can help many people manage panic attacks and panic disorder.

Final Thoughts

Recognizing panic attack symptoms can help you understand frightening physical and emotional experiences and decide what to do next. Common symptoms include a racing heartbeat, sweating, trembling, dizziness, shortness of breath, and intense fear. 

However, never assume that chest pain or breathing difficulty is caused by panic without considering other medical causes. Seek appropriate care for new, severe, or unexplained symptoms. 

With professional guidance and suitable treatment, many people learn to manage panic attacks and return to their everyday activities.

Don’t miss our article on Panic Attack vs Anxiety Attack: What Is The Difference& Weight Loss.